Original Research Article
Year: 2016 | Month: January-March | Volume: 1 | Issue: 01 | Pages: 18-21
Acetic
Acid Adsorption on Rice Husk Adsorbent
Sunil
J. Kulkarni, Mrunmai Joshi, Nikita More
Datta
Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Corresponding Author: Sunil J. Kulkarni
ABSTRACT
Low
cost treatment of the wastewater is the need of the hour. Wastewater treatment
can be carried out by various chemical, physical and biological methods. Water
treatment technologies in the developing world typically focus on removing
various types of impurities from waste water such as suspended solids,
microbial pathogens, inorganic and organic components. Adsorption by using low
cost adsorption is widely studies treatment method. Activated carbon has the
capacity to remove these problematic chemicals from waste water. A simple,
inexpensive and effective activated carbon production process use local
agriculture waste. Acetic acid is present in the effluent from petroleum, fine
chemical, pharmaceutical and textile industry. The present research is carried
out to remove acetic acid from synthetic effluent using adsorbent prepared from
rice husk.
Key words: Adsorption, activation,
percentage removal, activated carbon.
INTRODUCTION
The amount of
wastewater generated from industries activities has become a serious pollution
problem. The water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic chemicals and
waste. One of the important pollutants is acetic acid. Waste streams from many
chemical and petrochemical industries contain dilute acetic acid. The
industries contain acetic acid in wastewater are petrochemical, process and
fine chemical industries. Many conventional treatment methods have been
utilized for wastewater treatment for removal of organic and inorganic
components [1-6]
Many of these methods are
expensive. Adsorption process is found to be the most efficient, economical and
environmentally friendly method for separation of organic and inorganic
components from wastewater.[7-10]
Adsorbents are
classified into natural adsorbents and synthetic adsorbent. Natural adsorbent
include charcoal, clays, minerals, zeolites, and ores.
Adsorption of
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid onto date seeds activated carbon was investigated by
Salman and Saud.[11]
They worked on
three adsorption isotherms model in which Langmuir isotherm model showed good
adsorption capacity as compared to other two isotherm models. Hussain et.al.
carried out research on adsorption studies of acetic acid.[12]
Acetic acid
adsorption using batch adsorption process was investigated. They studied the
effects of various parameters on adsorption and tested Freundlich and Langmuir
isotherm. Also they reported the various thermodynamic properties such as
Gibb’s free energy, enthalpy and entropy.
Okeola et.al.
studied activated carbon prepared from Jatrophacurcas fruit pericarp and seed coat.
Activated carbon was prepared from fruit pericarp and seed coat.[13]
The results showed that activated
carbon made from both parts of fruits acts as effective adsorbent. Abbasi and
Alikarami investigated kinetics and thermodynamics of acetic acid adsorption from
aqueous solution by peels of banana.[14]
The objective
of their study was to evaluate the efficiency of banana peels as adsorbent for
acid acetic from aqueous solution. The effects of initial acetic acid
concentration, agitation time and temperature on adsorption of acetic acid onto
peels of banana were investigated. The Freundlich model agreed very well with
experimental data. In the present investigation, rice husk is used as raw
material for adsorbent preparation. The adsorbent was prepared by chemical and
thermal activation. It was then screened and used for adsorption experiments.
METHODOLOGY
As shown in
fig.1, five clean 250 ml conical flask were added with 50ml, 40ml, 30ml, 20ml,
10ml dilute acetic acid and 0,10,20,30,40 ml water. 10 ml of each solution was
titrated with 1N NaOH using phenolphthalein as an indicator for determination
of acetic acid concentration. Then 1gm, 2gm,3gm,4gm,5gm of adsorbent was added
in each flask. The filter papers were placed on the funnel and solution was
poured over it. The samples were analyzed for acetic acid by titration method.
The adsorption experiments were conducted
and the extent of removal of acetic acid was obtained by varying the contact
time from 10 to 60 minutes at fixed initial concentration of acetic acid and
fixed dose of adsorbent (2 g) at 28ºC. The rate of removal of acetic acid was
observed to be higher at initial stage, due to adequate surface area available
of adsorbent and adsorption decreases with increase in contact time indicating
reduction in available surface area.
Effect of Adsorbent dosages
The adsorption experiments were conducted and extent of removal of
acetic acid was obtained by varying the adsorbent dose from 1 to 5 gm at fixed
initial concentration and fixed contact time.
Effect of Initial concentration
The adsorption experiments were conducted and extent of removal of
acetic acid was obtained by varying initial concentration.
Experiments were
carried out to study effects of parameters like initial concentration, contact
time, and adsorbent dose on acetic acid removal percent. Effect of initial
concentration is shown in fig.2. It was observed from experiments that, as the
initial concentration increases the percentage reduction increases. Fig.3 shows
effect of contact time on acetic acid removal. It can be seen that, as time increases,
the percentage reduction of acetic acid also increases. Because adsorption is
function of time. At time 35 min percentage reduction was 8.375. As time
increases upto 60 min percentage reduction was 23.604.The rate of removal of
acetic acid was observed higher at initial stage, due to adequate surface area
available of adsorbate.
Fig.4 shows
effect of adsorbent dose on removal. As the dose of adsorbent increased,
percentage reduction also increased. As 1 gm of adsorbent adsorbed 16.21% while
5 gm of adsorbent adsorbed 28.37% of acetic acid.The reason was availability of
active sites due to the increase in the effective surface area resulting from
increase in dosage of adsorbent and conglomeration of the adsorbent, especially
at higher adsorbent dosages.The maximum percentage reduction was observed at pH
8 and it was 28.2%.
CONCLUSION
The
investigation demonstrated that, the use of natural ingredient as raw material
for preparation of activated carbon is possible. Adsorption on rice husk
adsorbent can be efficient and economical for the removal of acetic acid from
waste water. The percentage of reduction increases with increases in adsorbent
dose. It increased with increase in contact time.
REFERENCES
1.
Sunil J. Kulkarni, Pallavi M. Kherde, A Review on Advanced Oxidation Method
for Waste Water Treatment, International
Journal Of Engineering Sciences & Management Research, 2015, 2(8),33-38.
2.
R Kumaresan, N. Sundara Ramakrishnan and C.
Premalatha, Aerobic Treatment of Distillery Wastewater in a Three Phase
Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor, International Journal of Chemical Engineering
Research , 2009,1(1), 13–20.
3.
Geeta Chittala, G Sekaran, Paul S Mogadati and M
Anjireddy, Chemoautotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation: An Advanced Oxidation
Process For The Reduction Of Sulphate In Pharmaceutical Effluent, Int. J.
LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res., 2012, 1(1), 327-324, 2012.
4.
Pawar Avinash Shivajirao, Treatment Of Distillery
Wastewater Using Membrane Technologies, International Journal of Advanced
Engineering Research And Studies, 2012, 1(3), 275-283.
5.
Sonali R. Dhokpande, Sunil J. Kulkarni, Dr. Jayant
P. Kaware, A Review On Research On Application Of Trickling Filters In Removal
Of Various Pollutants From Effluent, International Journal Of Engineering
Sciences & Research Technology, 2014, 3(7), 359-365.
8.
Sunil
Jayant Kulkarni, A Review on Packed Bed Removal of Organic Matter from
Wastewater, Int. Journal on Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, 2015,1, (2), 27-30.
9.
Sunil J. Kulkarni, Removal Of Organic Matter From
Domestic Waste Water By Adsorption, International Journal Of Science,
Engineering And Technology Research, 2013, 2(10),1836-1839.
How to
cite this article: Kulkarni
SJ, Joshi M, More N. Acetic acid adsorption on rice
husk adsorbent.
International Journal of Science & Healthcare Research. 2016; 1(1):18-21.
**************